The first neural processes
Studies consistently recognise the importance of the first thousand days of life in laying the foundations for the future integral development of the child (Cusick & Georgieff, 2013). The maturation processes of the human brain begin already in the third gestational week and keep evolving throughout the entire lifespan (Wilson et al., 2021), shaping learning. The child is born with more than 100 billion neurons that, through processes such as synaptogenesis (formation of connections between neurons), allow the child to consolidate and learn new information from the environment around her (Ackerman, 1992). During the first few years, a pruning process removes connections that are not used and are, therefore, not necessary in the child’s growth environment. The process follows a very simple principle: use it or lose it. In line with these neural changes, studies indicate that the brain is most predisposed to learning new information in early life.

References:
- Ackerman S. (1992). The Development and Shaping of the Brain. In Discovering the Brain. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234146/
- Cusick, S., & Georgieff, M. K. (2013). The first 1,000 days of life: The brain’s window of opportunity. https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/958-the-first-1000-days-of-life-the-brains-window-of-opportunity.html
- Wilson, S., Pietsch, M., Cordero-Grande, L., Price, A. N., Hutter, J., Xiao, J., McCabe, L., Rutherford, M. A., Hughes, E. J., Counsell, S. J., Tournier, J. D., Arichi, T., Hajnal, J. V., Edwards, A. D., Christiaens, D., & O’Muircheartaigh, J. (2021). Development of human white matter pathways in utero over the second and third trimester. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(20), e2023598118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023598